Authorīegin the entry with the author’s last name, followed by a comma and the rest of the name, as presented in the work. In the current version, punctuation is simpler (only commas and periods separate the elements), and information about the source is kept to the basics. Earlier editions of the handbook included the place of publication and required different punctuation (such as journal editions in parentheses and colons after issue numbers) depending on the type of source. In your citation, the elements should be listed in the following order:Įach element should be followed by the corresponding punctuation mark shown above. These are the general pieces of information that MLA suggests including in each Works Cited entry. When deciding how to cite your source, start by consulting the list of core elements. Once you are familiar with the method, you can use it to document any type of source, for any type of paper, in any field. This gives writers a flexible method that is near-universally applicable. While the handbook still describes how to cite sources, it is organized according to the process of documentation, rather than by the sources themselves. Thus, the current system is based on a few guiding principles, rather than an extensive list of specific rules. Since texts have become increasingly digital, and the same document may often be found in several different sources, following a set of rigid rules no longer suffices.

MLA is a style of documentation that may be applied to many different types of writing.

Creating a Works Cited list using the ninth edition Note: For more information about services for the Purdue University community, including one-to-one consultations, ESL conversation groups and workshops, please visit the Writing Lab site.

Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.

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